Telegraph instrument



F. 2 Sheets-Sheet i.. y TELBGRAPH INSTRUMENT. No. 44,855.' v Y Patented Nov.v i854.

2 Sheets- Sheet 2. S. I'. DAY. 'TBLBGRAPH INSTRUMENT.

N@,. 44,855. Patented NOVI 1, 1864.

. A 25W/5%; )gf/2mm@ 2%@ l @WQ UNITED vSTATES PATENT Querce.

SAMUEL DAY, Oliv BALLSTON SPA, ,NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT iN TELEGRAPHiC iNSTUiViENTS.

Speciiication forming part oi' Letters Patent No. 44,855, dated .November l, 1854.

v.'io all whom it may' concern:

stouSpa, in the county of Saratoga and State of New York, have invented certain improvements in Telegraphs; and do hereby declare that the following is afull, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the lettersl of reference marked thereon., v

'ihe object and purpose ot the first part ot the said invention is to more perfectly and fullyinsulate the sounding-instrumentfrom the current at the instant of the opening of the circuit, or at least from the tendency oi the current to prevent thelever from vihratin g wit` that delicacy and promptncss which is desirable in teiegraphic instrume nts.` In the ordinary telegraphic apparatus noe2 in use this is but imperfectly accomplished, and the result 1s that a much heavier current is required to l work theinstrurnent vthan would otherwise he thecase; and with the loss of power by the grounded current much more original force of battery is made requisite than is in the use of my'inventiom In a portion, atleast, of the instruinents now in use a shortlineii's run around the instrument, and 'a device employed for opening and ciosing the connection with this short'line, so as to send the currentaiternately throughthe instrument and through the short line around it, and thus produce the necessary pulsations by' means of the difference in the length of thctwolines,it being generally, or,"at least, very commonly, supposed that the cur rent will take the shortest line to complete its circuit. To a certain extent this is true, but not in its fullest sense. A' portion ofthe cur-4 rent will stillpass thronglrthe coil, .while thev greater portion passes around it. But there is another difficultyinvolved in said construction-viz., that where acurrenthas a choice oi' lines 'it willoperate much more sluggishly than if its line of communication is out oi in one direction when itis connected in the other. v

The second part of my invention consists in providing the instrument with an additional set of maguetswhich work in an opposite'direction, or rather which .move the lever 'in an opposite direction, from the magnets commonly and ordinarily used', these magnets being, in addition to those ordinarily employed, and 1n combining therewith, and with the magnets ordinarily used, a device for shifting the dif reoton of the current, so that the current wiii alternately operate upon the magnets ordinarily used and upon these additional magnets, thereby effecting the return of the lever hy means of the current sent through these additional orsuppienientary magnets, by which the tension of the spring formerly used for thatpur pose can he very much reduced, or even dispensed with altogether, by which means the necessary current is still further reduced and a Very small amount of electricity is rendered capabie ei operating the instrument satisfactori`iy`.-

in the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a pian of the device or. instrument by which the object aimed at in. the rst part oi my in ventina is attained; Fig. 2 is a side elevation thereof. Fig. 3 is a vertical iongitudinai seeticn, showin gthe parts which are beyond tue center in Fig. i.; Fig. i is a pian showing the instrument with the sounder and the additionaimagnets for withdrawing thei'ever above referred to. Fig.' 5 is a side elevation thereof. ii is a vertical section, showing the parte at the left hand of the line Y as drawn across Fig. i.

A is the wooden hed on which the parte oi' the instrument are mounted.

B B are the coils in ordinary use in telegraphic instruments to operaie the brake for opening and ciosing tlie circuit.

C is a standard by which these coils are aupported. d is the cross-bar oy which they are connected at the end.

D and E are supports or brackets attached to the bed A, to which supports or brackets the springs e and j are attached. These brackets D and E'are connected at the top by a piece of wood or other insulating substance, F, and in this piece F are inserted two pins, and j, against which the springs e andf-rest when in. their normal position.

G is a vibrating lever which carries the armature E near the center ot' Asaid lever and the pin I at the top,'through which pin the circuit passes, and through onel or the'l other of the springs c and f, which said circuit is transmitted around or thronghthe instrument, as

the case may be. The lever Gis thrown back to the position representedin'the drawings by the tension otthe ordinary spring J now in common use, und this tension is adjusted' to suit the current upon the well-known and connmon device which consists of a pin' set in e standard, around which pin n fine` line ntteched to the spring is wound. by means of n thumbheari, es is represented et K.

The construction of the parts of this machine is such that the pin i does not breek its con nectien with one of the springs f till it has e'ecteii s connection with the other, so that there is no break or surging of the current caused by absolute disconnection with the mein line..` To accomplish this purpose und mnke this connection properly, und transmit it when esireri, the pins t' endg' nre set at such n distnnce spurt es to allowthe springs e' and f te cernesuoiently neer to euch other to hcth touch upon the pin t' when it is in n-centrel punition; hut when it is moved out of that central position it leaves one or the ether-or1 the springs e or f and continues its connection with the other, threugh zwhich it 'transmits the whole current, rEhe sweepo'f this lever is afijusted hy ineens of the thumb-screws L and ifi.- Eo sllcw e greater range to the lever, without showing the springs to lense the pin t fer enough to ineke the current ineocient, l inchethe springs e enti f slightly' twisted, es repreI sented in the drawings, but stili suficiently uelicete that the currentwill bring them lup fist against the step, es more especially repre sented in Fig.. l. Y j

rhe connection from the buttery over the line-wire is merle to the screw-cup N, from which the wire n connects with the coils er muguet B, enti carries the circuit through the coils represente@h in Figs. l, 2, enel 3, enel current is transmitted by ineens ci' the wire an to the lever G, enti. through it to one ci springs e or f. The current of electricity is thus communicated to either the bracket er the bracket E, to which the wires o. enti are, respectively, ettuched, the first cf wires is connecten te the usuel inegners in n inginstruinent, enti tue ether to the ether magnets, which ere pissed shore the isser te withdrew it, us represented in the -lst three nigures.-

l? P ere the ordinary magnets or coils in. common use for operating the scunding-lever,

' with the exception that they are in thiscese` errungen in e manner described in u patent grunted to me Mey 20, 1862, for an improvement in. instruments for telegraphs.

t Q Q are two coils or magnets, placed in such e pesition that n current of electricity passed through them will have e tendency to Vdrew the lever in en opposite direction te that which it will he drawn by the Y? These lesteescrihe magnets connect en une. operete upon en srznsture, E, attneheri te the lever, and hy means oi the attraction ci current when pnsseiithrcugh these ceiis i@ the lever muy he returned in en opposite push tion from that in which it is rirewn hy the magnets previouslyescrihcri. Thisnrnietnre B also works upon the outer onelot the inagnets P P.

To secure n perfect adjustment of. the :negnets to he operated upon by the rlierent coils l attach the armature S by en adjustable et tachment, so that either end or both entls of this armature een be reisefl and secureii in position to give the adjustment desired. rEhis'is done hy v means of the adjusting-screws 'u' u passing through en auxiliary armature in conrhinetionwith the screw c.

Y By means et' my iinprcvcmcnts l not-only perfectly insulate the ccils P i) from the eura rent vet the proper time for thc return ot the lever, leutniso make the portion of the cur- 'rent thus cut on from thpse coils eveilehie to return theleveriuto its proper posi tien, thereby reuucing the tension eppiieri to the altij usiehic spring .l or dispensing'witir seid spring eltegether, und consequently giving e much incre euiiihle stroke with the seine current, or the suine stroke with c much less current, could be tiene withv the devices now useii 'for the seine purpose. n

lt wiil he cle-ur from whet lies heen seni that when the armature H is' ettrecteti cy the ning net, so es te-elrew the lever G against the spring e enti thus hreeir the connection with the spring f, *he whole current wil he tresses itteti through the coils Pf?, which will attr-ect thet sur?, et the ,lever rlownweril, euri the through the upper cuits, Q, will he cenipletcly ont out or switchen ei; when 'the ettrestien ceases und the lever G hush into its pesition, ns representeri in the riruwisns, the een secties with the line through Q is renee/sri, ii'ue threugh the lower coils r tl so that ne ci' jumping This hein.Gg strnment eerfectiy free te epee, cut cerises it' te wcrh 1 ere enti with pcwer wen otherwisehe the cese, hut, else, the Meussrg the upper coils cerises it te open wi eout rispenrling upen the tension ci 'the spring uo sea 'ihe result is9 thereiere, that the senncling-lever is "brought down with the whsle force et the current unresistei hy the tension ci the spring. The spring rep resenteri is ettechetl this part ofthe instrument, seing more designed to adjust the strette than to simply eect the return er the lever.

lio oir-siete the possibility cfthe'juinping ci currents es fer es ossihle i, enerelh metro the points of the thumb-screws L neu iti ci weer', thcugh they they he inane of instell ,f hut i prefer neeteriel previously numeri, it eht'icus either pert ci this invention een he used. without the ether, though E prefer tu use them together es prcfneing the heet sticht,

@ne ci the principal enti importent arly/'sntsges ci my invention is that it ens-cles me to' entireiy @iispense with' tee lessi huttery enti te worin the sounder, eren en s long line, hy the linecurrent eiche, une, hy theeiri ci certein ectrcity een s threugh-thein unless .hy the er.'-y

improvements for which Letters Patent the United States were granted to me the 24th day of May, 1864, to work an inrichting-register in -like manner.

It will be observed by an inspectionrof the parts that the line-connection is connected directly to the repeating-instrument at N, and

that when the armature H is sniciently attr'acted the current of electricity is transmit ted directly, and without the intervention of a local battery, to the magnets P P, from which the current is conducted throgfgh the wire S to the screw-cup T, to which the continuation of the line-wire is attached. When the current is cnt-o' by the breaking of thecrcnit the electricity remaining in the line-wire or derived from the atmosphere being insuicient to overcome the tension of the spring J, the connection through the wire o` and the -magnets P P is broken, and the current which remains then passes over the wire p to the magnets Q Q, and from them over the wire S, to which they are connected, to the screw-cnp T, from which -it passes over the continuationof the line-wire,

' as before. By combining with this construction and combination of parts such a registering-instrument as is described-m abovementioned patent of May 24, 1864 amen-a abled to work the registeringinstrument on a A very long line without a local battery and with out diculty, thus not only saving the expense vof the local battery, but the di'erence between the salary of an operator capable of reading by sound and that of one only capable of read ing from a register.

Having thus fully described my said inven-4 tion, I claiml. The combination of the lever G, connecting-wires o, p, and m, or their equivalent, magnet B, one or more of the magnets P, and the sounder or registering-lever, in the manner hereinbefore described, and without the intervention of a local-battery between the repeat ing or relay magnet B and the sounding or i registering` magnets P--that is to say, in such a manner as to completely break 4the circuit through the magnet or magnets P, by which the sounder-cr registering lever is operated,

.and the circuit around them alternateiy, by

'sounder or registering lever, snbstantialiy in the Amanner hereinbefore describedthat is to say, 1n such a manner as to continue the circuit in one of these directions tili the connec-l tion in the other is fully made, and without changing the direction of the circuit or cnrrent through the line-wire or diverting it therefrom by its operation, substantially as and for the purpose hereinabove set forth.

3. The combination of the magnet Q, the registering lever or sounder, and the magnet or magnets P, when the said magnets are so connected to the current 'through which the message is received from the operating-key that the pulsations of the saidcurrent are made to changeits direction so as to send it through the magnet or magnets P, and'throngh the magnet@ alternately, thereby causing the same direction ofcurrent'upon the line to attract the sounder or registerin g-lever in oplos site directions, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

snm.. F. Der. 

